English Notes

TKAM Annotations

To see my google slides with my annotations click here 

Study Sync: Writing Dialogue

Dialogue

• primary tool of narrative 
• illuminates characters personality 
• advances plot
• reveals details of conflict
• direct dialogue= speech that uses characters exact words
  placed between quotation marks
• example: “Please remember to do the laundry,” Elena said.
• indirect dialogue= second hand report of something that was said or written w/o quoting exact words
• no quotation marks needed
• example: Elena asked Ron to do the laundry, and Ron assured her that he would.
• always make sure clear who is speaking
• speech tags reveal tone
   

Direct dialogue

• Use open (“) and closed (”) quotation marks to indicate the words that are spoken by the characters. 
• Always begin a new paragraph when the speaker changes. 
• Make sure the reader knows who is saying what. 
• try to avoid he said/she said
• Use correct punctuation marks and capitalization. 

Indirect Dialogue

• when the exact words spoken are not important enough to the narrative to be showcased, but the occurrence and details of the conversation are important for the reader to know. 
• when a character is describing or paraphrasing an interaction he or she had. 

3

How to use both

develop characters by revealing the characters’ opinions, reactions, emotions, experiences, personalities, and even appearances through:

• what the characters say (direct or indirect speech). 
• how the characters say it
• the way the characters talk
• the characters’ body language, actions and thoughts as they are speaking 

Vaccine Views Vocab

Rhetoric (noun): is the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing. With movies or other visual mediums, think about the use of figures of speech, images and music.   .

To Kill A Mocking Mocking Bird

1. Who does Atticus think caused Bob Ewell's death?

He thinks that Jem did it.

2. Why does Heck Tate insist that Bob Ewell's death was self-inflicted?

Because he wants to defend Boo Radley

3. Is Heck Tate right to spare Boo the publicity of an inquest? Give reasons for your answer.

Yes because Boo has been alienated by society his whole life and he only killed Bob Ewell is to protect the children.

4. How do the events of the final chapters explain the first sentence of the novel?

It relates to how in the beginning it began with the story of how Jem broke his arm.

5. How does Scout make sense of an earlier remark of Atticus's as she stands on the Radley porch?

Because she was standing of the porch thinking about how it is true that her dad said you never understand until you put yourself in their shoes.

6. How surprised were you to discover what Boo Radley is really like? Has the story before this point prepared the reader for this discovery?

It wasnt very shocking because as the story progressed Boo became a more humane character.

7. Who are the metaphorical mockingbirds in Harper Lee’s novel? There are several so push yourselves to really think about the various characters.

The metaphorical mocking birds are: Scout, Boo, Mayella, the rolly polly

To Kill A Mocking Mocking Bird

• Stage Mayella Ewell is at stage 5 of Erickson developing stages
• should be at 6
• themes for race, wealth, education in court house:
• blacks sit in balcony forced to watch 
• whites are audience: unjust bc only they have input/matter
• wealthy+white+educated=only input that people care about
• Mayella nothing like her dad bc...
• dad= aggressive and mayella=loving for family
• uses Mr.Ewells literacy used to show hes left handed
• dill cry hes hes felt like something unjust has happened to him?
• question that tom said that shocked audience: he pitied Mayella and it is not common for a black man to feel bad for a white person
• 
  

To Kill A Mocking Mocking Bird

• Miss. M didnt go to the courtroom bc its like going to a 'roman carnival'
• mulatto children=rich white children
• they own land 
• Mr. Ewell is left handed and all of the punches were on the right side of his daughters face= it is very likely Mr.E did it

To Kill A Mocking Mocking Bird

• Jem has to read to Mrs.Dubose because he ruined her flowers but also it is a distraction because she was dying
• Mrs.Dubose has ¨real courage¨ because she asked for help when she was most vulnerable 
• The gender roles: Cal and Mrs.D would continually tell her you need to wear a dress or act like a lady
• as jem is getting older he also realizes these gender roles and tells scout to act like a girl
• at church Cal gets comments said to her like, ¨why would you bring white kids¨ but most people are kind 
• the church is an overall positive welcoming place unlike most of the white poeple because they are hypocritical
• Cal talks dif. in church to ´fit in´
• toms wife doesn´t have a job
• 
  

To Kill A Mocking Mocking Bird

• when atticus shoot dog people shocked bc he had really good aim
• how/why does he have good aim
• "To Kill a Mocking Bird¨ title symoblize to kill something innocent/pure
• Atticus case, defend P.O.C., show that old time and that racism is very present

The Sixth Extinction: Sketch Notes and Annotations

Chapter 11

The Sixth Extinction: Sketch Notes and Annotations

Chapter 9&10

Lab Write Up Review

In our lab groups we reviewed our DNA and R&J lab report to see common mistakes we all made.

Next we all shared skills we have acquired from writing our research paper.

The Sixth Extinction: Sketch Notes and Annotations

To find the annotations for chapter 8 click here

The Sixth Extinction: Sketch Notes and Annotations

To find the annotations for chapters 6 and 7 click here

The Sixth Extinction annotations: Prologue

New species=humans

Precarious

What is the point of describing the human species

Describing the more massive animals

Deliberately

Saying the causes and effects humans have on global warming

Affect: other species becoming extinct

Humans realize their mistakes too late

Morbid

Claim Evidence Reasoning

Claim

• States clear position
• Keep wording specific and concise
• Needs to answer the why
• If you only present one claim about a literary text include title and author
• 
  

Intro quotes

• Who is speaking and to whom
• What is happening in this moment ( may not be clear from the quote)
• Emotional state of character

Fahrenheit 451: Day 4

Use of Language

Claim: Bradbury uses the language to add suspense and keep the readers engaged.

Evidence: While Beatty lectures, “Mildred's hand had frozen behind the pillow. Her fingers were tracing the book's outline and as the shape became familiar her face looked surprised and then stunned” (Bradbury 41).

Reasoning: The possibilities of discovery, and the potential consequences that would follow, engage the readers in this suspenseful scene. The prospect of Beatty sitting just feet away from an important, and risky exchange, creates a feeling of tension. Bradbury develops this tone by elongating the amount of time it takes Mildred to find the books, as when she traces the outline. This keeps readers on the edge of their seats, eager to find out what is soon to occur. In addition Bradbury highlights the

Claim: The entire prospect of Beatty visiting Montag is suspenseful and mysterious.

Evidence: In arriving at Montag’s house, Beatty acts mysteriously: “Beatty smiled his smile which showed the candy pinkness of his gums and the tiny candy whiteness of his teeth. ‘I've seen it all. You were going to call for a night off’ ” (Bradbury 39).

Reasoning: The quotes show that it is strange and frightening that Beatty is coming right after he gets the book Bradbury leaves the readers filled with suspense and questioning if the Beatty is good or bad.

Claim: Bradbury uses interesting and unique punctuation to create suspense

When Mildred and Montag were talking about who was at the door Bradbury used many dashes after each word to create suspense and mystery around who was at the door.

Motifs

Claim: He uses nature to show truth and purity.

Evidence: The men above were hurling shovelfuls of magazines into the dusty air. They fell like slaughtered birds” (Bradbury 37).

“He lay far across the room from her, on a winter island separated by an empty sea.” (Bradbury 41).

Reasoning: They compare the space between Montag and Mildred to an island t emphasize the how far apart they were and also compared the books to birds because the pages of a book are consistently compared to the delicacy of a bird’s wings.

Setting

Claim: It is set in November when war is coming and the weather is changing.

Evidence: When Montag first notices Clarisse walking home from work, the author states, ”The autumn leaves blew over the moonlit pavement in such a way as to make the girl who was moving there seem fixed to a sliding walk, letting the motion of the wind and the leaves carry her forward”(Bradbury 3).

As Montag reads to Mildred, the author gives the reader an idea on the setting when he states, “while the cold November rain fell from the sky upon the quiet house”(Bradbury, 71).

Reasoning: All the talk about the wind and leaves on the ground represent that it is autumn and give the reader a great visualization to what the setting looks like.

Fahrenheit 451: Day 3

Conformity or Nonconformity

Characters

Montag: Montag is beginning to recognize his emotions and is realizing that he is not happy with his life. He is realizing that is job is morally corrupt. He also realizes that his relationship with Mildred is strained and that Mildred and physically and mentally closing herself off from him.

When Montag is trying to sleep, he realizes how doomed his marriage is.“Well, wasn’t there a wall between him and Mildred, when you came down to it? Literally not just one wall, but, so far, three! And expensive, too! And the uncles, the aunts, the cousins, the nieces, the nephews, that lived in those walls…”(Bradbury 44).

Yet earlier Montag was defensive when Clarisse told him he wasn’t in love. ‘What a shame,’ she said. ‘You’re not in love with anyone.’ ‘Yes, I am!’ ‘It doesn’t show.’ ‘I am, very much in love!’ He tried to conjure up a face to fit the words, but there was no face. (Bradbury 22).

When Montag brings up that he wants to quit his job, Mildred is shocked and so is Montag at his revelation.“You want me to give up everything? After all these years of working, because, one night, some woman and her books-” “You should have seen her, Millie!” (Bradbury, 51) .

At the beginning of the book Montag takes great enjoyment in his job, though.“It was a pleasure to burn” (Bradbury 1).

After being introduced to Clarisse, Montag beings to not question how things are done, but why. Montag, after 10 years of putting up with Mildred he actually sits back and reflects on his relationship and realizes how unhappy he is and how disconnected Mildred is from reality. After the encounter with the old woman, Montag can’t contain his curiosity and takes a book from the house and ponders quitting his job after listening to Beatty’s speech.

Mildred: Mildred is a static, unchanging character, that is not fond of the idea of thinking and reflecting on the harsh flaws of her relationship. Mildred refuses to face reality.

Montag asked Mildred “ When did we meet ? And where?”(Bradbury 42)  Then Mildred replied “‘...I’m trying to think’.”She laughed an odd little laugh…” and then after realizing she was thinking for  the first time, she said, “‘it doesn’t matter’”(Bradbury 43) because the action of thinking made her uncomfortable.

Reasoning: During this conversation between Montag and Mildred, Montag begins to question his  relationship and asks her how they met. At first she begins to think but we can see by her “odd laugh” at the unknown action that is thinking causes her to feel uncomfortable. She just stops and says that it does not matter how they met. Her being unwilling to think shows that she reluctant to do anything new and overall grow as a person.

Futuristic/Dystopian Genre

Fahrenheit 451: Day 2

Motifs

Claim: There is a repeating motif for the comparison of books to pigeons. It is constantly repeating how delicate a pigeon is just like the pages of a book

Evidence:  The comparison between the two reoccurs in the novel, as in the phrase, “...a book alighted, almost obediently, like a white pigeon, in his hands, wings fluttering” (Bradbury 27).

This symbolism is used repeatedly, the pigeons are a motif explaining the delicacy of books pages, despite being so full of life. The pages of the books flutter similarly to the wings of the birds, so fragile yet so beautiful if truly examined. Also pigeons are known for being intelligent just as a book is filled with knowledge.   

Theme

Clarisse asked Montag if he's happy and he first replies he is but once he ponders on the question he realizes that he truly isn't. This is an important part because it's the first time he really thinks. He also starts to observe the hound and this represents that he is slowing down to look at the world around him. When Clarisse asks if he's in love he replies of course he is but again he starts to ponder on the thought and realizes he is not truly in love with his wife. Overall he starts to question everything after meeting Clarisse because he sparked a curious fire in him.

Fahrenheit 451: Day 1

Characters

Claim: Clarisse is different because of how she questions everything that happens in the society

Evidence:“Do you ever read the books you burn?” (Bradbury 8).

“Strange. I heard once that a long time ago houses used to burn by accident and they needed firemen to stop the flame” (Bradbury 8).

Reasoning: These quotes show that Clarisse's questions just about everything she notices unlike most people in the place she lives.

Claim: Montag begins to change his moral perspectives because clarisses actions have influenced the way he thinks.

Evidence: “Of course I'm happy. What does she think? I'm not? he asked the quiet rooms” (Bradbury 6).

Reasoning: Guy Montag changes his perspectives because Clarisse's way of questioning everything. In the beginning Guy Montag is presented as a self-confident and ecstatic fireman, yet here his happiness shows itself to perhaps not be genuine. Also this is a very important quote because this is the first time he begins to think because of how all the questions Clarisse asks.

Figurative Language

Claim: The author uses figurative language to give animalistic characters to the inanimate objects

Evidence:

”with its great python spitting its venomous kerosene” (Bradbury, 3).

flapping pigeon-winged books died” (Bradbury, 3).

“He hung up his black-beetle-coloured helmet and shined it” (Bradbury, 4).

Reasoning: He compared the brass nozzle to a python to represent that the kerosene is the predator and the house is its prey. Also He compares the books to pigeons because just as books are filled with knowledge pigeons are very smart. Lastly he Compares the helmet to a beetle because the beetle has a strong shell just as the strong helmet is used for protection.

Shakespearean sonnets: 116 and 18

Sonnet= "little song" in Italian

most strict structure

ALL sonnets numbered

14 lines

Rhyme Scheme: to find rhyme scheme look at last word on each line

ALL Shakespeare sonnets are in pattern: A,B,A,B,C,D,C,D,E,F,E,F,G,G

last 2 lines are couplets

3 quatrains

each quatrain four lines, can also identify them by looking at each letter

example A,B,A,B= quatrain one

Quatrain #1- ask question and/or present a problem

Quatrain #2- dev. prob or explain the situation

Quatrain #3- turning point

Couplet- resolution or takeaway

Couplet= 2 lines in a row that rhyme

Romeo and Juliet: Act 5 Scene 3-5

Vocabulary

Deflowered: to deprive a women of her virginity

Acursed: under a curse

Beguile: to charm ir enchant someone

Poetic Devices

Line 7:" One of our order to associate me" alliteration

similie line 39

line 68-69 couplet

Elizabethan Era: Theater and Acting

• Lot of social interaction at theater
• social life based on theater (mostly for upper class)
• Beginning of plays
• audience centered on common man

Acting:

•  low in job
•  no respect, famous
•  women NOT allowed
•  low pay

Globe Theater

• most popular
•  audience ranking:
•  poor at bottom
• when on the floor low class stand
• wealthy in balcony/ high seats
• play in open bc lights to expensive
•  plays usually in day for light
• language driven bc not a lot of money for props

Literature:

•  sonnets
•  poems
•  plays

Famous:

• Shakespeare
• Marlow
• Spencer

Plays:

• 2 hours long
• Poems add credibility to producers like Shakespeare

Queen Elizabeth

• help make plays more popular and help put the plays in more wealthy place
• didn't like producers
• 
  

Romeo and Juliet: Act 4 scene 3-5

Vocabulary

Conceit: pride love for one self vanity

Receptacle: store house receiving chamber

Poetic Devices

line 24 alagore bc lady Capulet wanted to die because Juliet is 'dead', but before she did not care

28-29 alack the day, she's dead, she's dead, she's dead! anaphora

33 simile

Elizabethan Era: Entertainment

Bear beating:

• dogs attack bear

Fencing:

• for upper class

Theater:

• for peasants all the way up to nobility
• what change is where seen from, inside inns
• no women
• for peasants all the way up to nobility
• what change is where seen from, inside inns
• no women

Festivals:

• most in church
• also celebrations just to wild up people
• most in church
• also celebrations just to wild up people

Cockfighting: 

• only upper class
• take sharpened metal 0n claws of chickens and pair up to let them beat each other to death
• take sharpened metal 0n claws of chickens and pair up to let them beat each other to death

Horse racing:

• spikes on wheels very popular
• spikes on wheels very popular

Children's game:

• handy dandy girls play hoodman blind
• similar to tag
• handy dandy girls play hoodman blind
• similar to tag

Recreational drugs:

• weed drink for coping
• many people farm tobacco and cannabis
• weed drink for coping
• many people farm tobacco and cannabis

Archery:

• for nobles of 17-60 must know how to fence
• for nobles of 17-60 must know how to fence

Lottery:

• tickets very expensive
• if have ticket and do a small crime pardoned
• tickets very expensive
• if have ticket and do a small crime pardoned

Hawking:

• for royalty
• people train birds to hunt and kill animal
• for royalty
• people train birds to hunt and kill animal

Tennis and Football:

• nobles
• mostly individuals playing against each other
• similar to now except no rules
• nobles
• mostly individuals playing against each other
• similar to now except no rules
• for upper class

Romeo and Juliet: Act 4 scene 3-5

Poetic devices:

Line 47 "God shield I should disturb devotion" Alliteration bc 2 D in a row.

Line 51"past hope, past cure, past help!" Anaphora bc past repeated

109-111 "The roses in thy lips and cheeks shall fade to paly ashes...the day of life" metaphor bc many comparisons

Vocabulary

pensive adj

Romeo and Juliet: Act 4 Scene 1-2

Vocabulary

Jocund : (adj) cheerful or lighthearted

Afray: frighten apart

Discourses: memories

Elizabethan Era: Clothing and Hygiene

Monarchs

• poofy and bright clothes
• purple correlates with royalty
• many jewels bc signify wealth
• more fabric=more money

Merchants

• wore told what to wear 
• could only afford best they can

Gentry

• most wore same rank clothing
• had lot of fabric
• wore satin and velvet 
• many trimmings to signify are of high ranking but not highest 
• men wore armor as dad to day clothing bc cant have weapons

Hygiene (peasants)

• would only bath once a yr
• transfer it once a year
• peasants share bath
• only once awhile bc process to long
• earthy tones

Monarchy

• bathe once week 
• would heavily fragrance the bath to mask smell
• Chamber pot: pot kept in bedroom and would dump outside

Laborer

• would wear wool sheepskin
• wore certain colors to show that they were laborers
• few trimmings 

Connection to Romeo and Juliet

• romeo and montegues: noble bc how they speak and how describe clothing like masks etc.
• Juliet and Capulets wore slightly poofy dresses and trimmings

Elizabethan Era: Plague and Other Illnesses

• early 14th century in Europe ill over 10 mill ppl
• sixteenth century also- relates back to romeo in juliet
• from flea to rats to ppl
• the rats were on trade ships- spread to ppl
• 18-20 percent died
• 1 or two thirds died from plague
• would burn bodies, pile on top, or catapult them into other countries in hope to destroy them
• treatments: cut bumps/swelling and apply human waste or herbs, drink own urine 2x a day, bath in vinegar or rose water
• other illnesses: Dynestry and Typhoid
• would use herbs topically and ingest them
• go away bc ppl care about looks- then care about personal hygiene

Connections to Romeo and Juliet 

• Friar Lawrence couldn't get message to Juliet bc of plague
• around when Shakespeare alive 
• killed 3 sis one bro
• own son died
• all the events traumatized him
• killed many actors for play 
• because most plays tragedies bc he was so used to deaths because of plague
• friar Lawrence cant get message to romeo bc he was hiding from plague

Romeo and Juliet: Act 3 Scene 1-4

Line 85 "dammed saint" paradox

Line 36-37 "More validity, More honorable state more courtship lives" anaphora

line 97-98 "There on the ground, with his own tears made drunk"

Romeo and Juliet: Act 2 Scene 5

Line 80-81 Couplet I am the drudge, and toil in your delight but you shall bear the burden soon at night

Vocabulary

Heralds: messengers
Court cupboard: 16-17 century sideboard with three
Unweidly: difficult to carry or mover to to weight or size
Jaunce: to dance or flrolik

Elizabethan Monarchy

Who is Queen Elizabeth?

• at age 25 began ruling
• ruled for 44 years 
•  statesman and politicians were advisers
• 3 levels of govt.
• Divine rights of king gave her lot of power
• disobey queen= treason
• approve all laws
• decided religion (catholic)
• could declare war
• in charge of what could eat or wear
• three branches of govt:

1 Privy council

• less than 20 members chosen by elizibeth 
• all noble men
• discussed laws like:
• foreign policy home policy religion and security and military matters

Star chamber

• political issues
• no jury 
• no witnesses
• most important trials or royalty and nobility

Parliament

• consisted of nobility and higher clergy 
• 3 main functions: legislation advice and taxation
• gave ability to vote taxation

Social Hierarchy

• monarch highest power
• Elizabeth show that women also powerful
• Gentry from lower class go to higher class through gaining land
• Yeomen: illiterate could not sell land but were like the owners of land
• only 'career' for women being married
• no education for women
• labors like the homeless, lowest ranking
• big dif. by higher and lower class is literacy

After Queen Elizabeth 1

• didn't support middle class as much as Queen E.
• Had earls leading govt.
• brought Scotland and England together

Romeo and Juliet

Scene 4
Metaphor line 16 with bible soles i have a sole of lead; metaphor bc compare two objects w/o similie
Motif page 49 line 109 more constant than the wind who woos. Motif subject constantly used(pattern).
Line 74 metaphor
Alliteration line 109 wind, who woos
Queen Mab: fairy that alters dreams
Anaphora: something repetitive word/phrase at beg being repeated
Line 37-40 anaphora
49-58 couplets

Claim for blind taste test

         Grass fed cows produce more yellow butter and sour yogurt. It produces more yellow tinted butter because as Judith McLoughlin stated, "When cattle are allowed to roam free in the open air and eat grass, as they were created to do, their milk is rich in Omega-3 and beta-carotene." Beta-carotene is what makes the colors in most fruits and vegetables more vivid. For example it makes carrots more orange and butter more yellow.

Works Cited

McLoughlin, Judith. "White Butter, Yellow Butter?" Judith, the Irish Foodie:. N.p., 01 Jan. 1970. Web. 12 Oct. 2016.